Introduction: Like all other children, although street children have the basic right to develop, survive and thrive, they encounter innumerable problems. To do so, at first it is necessary to address these children in terms of what problems they face in their everyday life, what is their survival mechanism and in a broad sense their livelihood process. This research is an attempt to shed light on these cruxes in the context of Bhopal city in Madhya Pradesh. The study was conducted with objectives to observe the lifestyle of street children, to identify the problems faced by them, and to assess their survival and coping mechanism in response to the problems they encounter. Methods and Materials: The study was a cross-sectional study to access various problems faced by street adolescents of Bhopal city. Street children were identified using snowballing techniques and data from these street children was obtained via interview using a checklist having various parameters about street children according to study needs. 100 willing street children were identified and enrolled for the study. Results: According to certain indicators like dwelling condition, income level, food habit, education and health, among the street children who were interviewed, 37% were found to be educated below fifth standard and 73% were uneducated. The respondents were of ages 11 to 15 years. Most of them were Hindus. 51% of the children on street used community toilets, 53% practiced open defecation. Most of them did not get sufficient food to eat. Major work reported was serving in hotels, dhabas and begging. Main problem faced during work was heavy workload and less payment received, poor health and vulnerability and verbal abuse. Major coping mechanism was keeping patience and enduring the problems until finding some solution.

Introduction: A patient’s episode of care should be planned before his/her admission and should take account of the entire “journey” up to and after discharge from hospital. Patients and their care-giver should be partners in this planning. Pre-admission assessment should be a standard requirement for all elective admissions. The anticipated length of stay for elective admissions should be indicated as early as possible to facilitate scheduling. Discharge plans agreed between the hospital and a key worker in primary care, discharge planning that commences on day of admission. Objectives • To study the admission process. • To study the discharge process. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a private super specialty hospital of a metrocity. A check list was prepared for various desks of the hospital such as admission desk, discharge desk, cash desk, billing desk, etc. Also, descriptive data was collected from various departments. Observation andResults: The various sources of admission to hospital were: direct admission, general OPD, emergency department and consultants’ clinic. Registers maintained at the Admission desk: Handover Book, Admitted Patient Register, Bed management Register, Announcement Register, OT Register, Briefing Register, Counselling Register. Discharge Process: On being advised discharge, the billing prepares the patient bill in two copies. Process of discharge is initiated after administration/ consultant advice. A detailed discharge summary covering investigation reports, treatments given and advice on discharge will be provided by the attending doctor and it will be given to the patient at the time of discharge. Charges for the full day on the day of admission are applicable irrespective of time of check in. Patient is discharged after the payment of the bill.

Introduction: Adolescents comprise one-fifth of the Indian population.1 Adolescent girls represent one of the most vulnerable sections of the society. Their felt needs pertaining to routine health problems remain unaddressed. Objective: To ascertain the level of understanding, information needs and practices of rural and urban adolescent girls of Chandigarh about puberty-related health and nutrition problems. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 120 girls (30 from each of the two schools of urban area and two schools of rural area, U.T. Chandigarh). Multi-stage sampling was done. Data was collected by means of a self-administered, structured questionnaire constituting elements on level of information regarding puberty, nutrition and related health problems, practices and needs. Data analysis was done through Epidata and SPSS statistical software. Results: Many respondents (43.3%) reported menstruation as the most disturbing factor followed by changes in body shape (e.g. appearance of pubic hair) and size. Some (28.3% rural and 40% urban girls) reported the problem of acne while fatty body was major problem for rural girls. Excess facial hair growth was also reported by many (21.7% urban and 6.7% rural) girls. More than 70% girls experienced pain during menstruation. Hygienic practices including usage and disposal of sanitary pads were found to be adequate. Conclusion: Hygienic practices and usage of sanitary pads was found to be adequate but the girls got disturbed due to various puberty-related health problems. There were many lifestyle issues that existed among the respondents such as lack of physical activity, obesity, acne, facial hair growth, dysmenorrhea, irregular menses, etc. Also some girls were suffering from low self-esteem due to the above cited problems. Recommendation: A lot has been done on menstruation, its awareness and hygiene. Now, the time is to focus on associated issues and problems.

These words by Franklin D. Roosevelt, set the tone for the inauguration ceremony of the International Conference On Youth And Adolescent Health (ICYAH), held on the 14th of April, 2017at the New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) Convention Centre, New Delhi. The occasion was graced by the presence of eminent dignitaries, doctors, parents, teachers and various stakeholders concerning adolescent health. Following a floral welcome and the lighting of the lamp, residents from the Department of Community Medicine at VardhamanMahavirMedical College (VMMC) and Safdarjung Hospital, livened the atmosphere with a melodious song.

In view of the increasing importance assigned to young people in terms of the size of this segment of adolescent and youth population (25-30 % of the whole population of the world), the role in shaping the present and future of humanity is in their hands. Therefore it is very essential to take appropriate steps for their health care and development. There is a growing concern all over the world to develop plans for their betterment.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine, metabolic and reproductive disorder. It affects various body organs. Oligomenorrhea, hirsutism, insulin resistance, obesity and polycystic ovaries are its hallmark features. Usual medicines for PCOS focus on blood glucose and hormonal regulation. Diet, exercise and lifestyle changes for losing weight provide relief from symptoms. We describe here eight PCOS cases enrolled in an RCT. The study aimed to ascertain the impact of the lifestyle intervention for management of polycystic ovarian syndrome among girls. Anthropometric assessments and biochemical parameters, including reproductive hormones and insulin resistance, were performed at baseline and after 6 months of intervention, change in their health profile was noted. After intervention, menstrual regularity was achieved in all cases. The average weight loss was 4.07 kg (range 2.5–14 kg). The average BMI reduced from 26.6 to 25.0 and waist circumference from 94.1 to 86.6. At the end of the intervention, five cases had normal ovarian size, LH:FSH was normal in three cases. Out of six with insulin resistance, only one tested positive after intervention. One of the subjects said “I am very satisfied with the treatment. Almost all of my problems have been resolved – periods are regular, lab reports are normal, mood has improved, weight has reduced; other people ask me how I have lost weight.” Simple changes in lifestyle can easily provide relief in PCOS cases without any medical intervention.

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among girls. It is one of the leading causes of female subfertility. It has a heterogeneous presentation which includes hyperandrogenism, hirsutism and ovulatory dysfunction. It is a disorder of peri-pubertal onset, so it is a disorder of significant health concern; this necessitates estimation of proportion of women affected by PCOS in the population. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence of PCOS amongst adolescent girls in Bhopal city. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for the duration of 4 months from November 2016 to February 2017. 840 girls of age group 15–21 years were interviewed regarding PCOS using Rotterdam criteria in three schools and three colleges in Bhopal city. After screening for PCOS, all suspected girls were confirmed by USG. Data was compiled using MS Excel and analyzed using Epi info 7. Result: Out of 840 girls, 217 (25.5%) complained of irregular menses, out of 217 only 96 (44%) were approached for USG screening. PCOS was present in 77 (80.2%) girls out of 96 girls screened with USG. Also, PCOS was present in 43.2% girls with BMI >25 and 50.8% girls having waist-hip ratio more than 0.96. Conclusion: This study estimated prevalence of about 8.34% in the study population. Lack of awareness (health-seeking behavior) was prominent in the study population. Significant association was found between PCOS and BMI, WAIST-HIP ratio. More education sessions should be held in schools and colleges about PCOS.

Introduction: Kala-azar (KA), the most severe form of leishmaniasis, is a parasitic disease transmitted by the bite of infected female sandflies. It affects poor communities and causing significant health, social and economic impact. All the affected countries are committed to eliminate KA by 2017. For which early case detection and complete case management of Kala-Azar is important strategy to stop transmission. Objectives: To reduce the annual incidence of Kala-azar to less than one per 10,000 population at block level by the end of 2017 through kala azar elimination strategy. Method: Kala Azar Fortnight was observed in 149 villages of 37 blocks of 9 endemic districts in the year 2016 (February 13, 2016 to February 27, 2016) and (May 01, 2016 to May 15, 2016)with rapid diagnostic kits rK39to screen all the suspected patients and subsequently were referred to PHC/CHC/district hospitals /Medical Colleges for their further treatment. Result: In year 2016, a total of 107 cases were detected from different villages of affected districts in Uttar Pradesh. Out of which 23 cases are male in the age group of <15 year and 17 cases are female in the age group of <15 year. Conclusion: Large number of kala azar cases were of younger population who needs to be treated urgently to avoid HIV/TB co-infections and complication.

World Health Organization defines adolescence as between the ages of 10 and I 9 years (the second decade of life). Adolescents constitute about one-fifth of the people in the world which means more than 1.2 billion persons In India adolescents constitute 25.5% of the population or nearly 243 million.While chronological definitions are necessary for statistics and comparison, there is great variation in the onset of changes that herald adolescence and culminate in adulthood.

Intracranial bleed in the young is frequently due to congenital aneurysms, and infrequently due to secondary causes of hypertension. Hence, a detailed work-up of these patients is the need of the hour so as to promptly diagnose and treat such patients, thereby preventing future morbidity and mortality. We, hereby, present a case of intracranial bleed presenting in a patient with undiagnosed coarctation of aorta.